2/1 game forcing (Two-over-one game forcing) is a bidding system in modern contract bridge structured around the following responses to a one-level opening bid:
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- a non-jump response in a new suit at the one-level is constructive and forcing for one round,
- a non-jump response in a new suit at the two-level is forcing to game, and
- a 1NT response is forcing for one round and indicates insufficient values to immediately commit to game or bid a suit at the one-level.[1]
The 2/1 game force does not apply to responses by a passed hand, or if there is an intervening call by an opponent. Other responses are as per Standard American methods in accordance with partnership agreement.
Game forcing auctions[edit]
The 2/1 auctions are: 1♦–2♣, 1♥–2♣, 1♥–2♦, 1♠–2♣, 1♠–2♦, and 1♠–2♥.
Variations[edit]
The following variations may be made by partnership agreement:
- Some play that 1♦–2♣ is not game forcing
- Some play that 2/1 is not absolutely game forcing and the pair can stop below game when responder rebids his suit. For example, 1♥–2♣; 2♥–3♣ may be treated as nonforcing.
1NT response to major suit opening[edit]
Because the two-level responses are stronger than in Standard American bidding, the response of 1NT is forcing for one round and is used (among other things) for weaker hands containing low-ranking suits. Since the 1NT response is forcing, hands with a three-card limit raise can start with 1NT and later jump-support partner. See Forcing notrump for additional details. Some pairs play a variant in which the 1NT response to 1♥ or 1♠ is semi-forcing.
Since opener has been forced to rebid on hands which he might otherwise have passed, he may have to rebid in a new suit with only three or even two cards.
Other features[edit]
Use of the 2/1 system usually implies (at least) the following additional agreements:
- Five card majors, i.e. major suit openings require at least a five-card suit;
- Either limit raises of major suit openings (i.e. the jump raise 1♠ – 3♠ or 1♥ – 3♥ shows a game-invitational hand with at least four-card support) or Bergen raises;
- Inverted minor raises, in which a jump raise of a minor suit opening is a weak preemptive bid, while a single raise is strong and forcing for one round;
- Jacoby 2NT, showing strong support with 4 or more cards;
- Splinter bids;
- New minor forcing;
- Fourth suit forcing and artificial.
Examples[edit]
1♠ – 2♣
2♦ – 2♠
Forcing to game, with original spade support and good club suit. This is different from standard bidding, in which such a sequence would show about 10 points, and club suit could be semi-fake.
1♠ – 2♣
2♠ – 2NT.
Forcing to game, with balanced hand and a good club suit.
1♠ – 2♣
2♦ – 3♣
Forcing, unless the partnership has agreed that this is an exception to the '2/1 rule.'
1♦ – 2♣
Forcing for one round only (as in Standard American), except in the variant of 2/1 where this sequence is game forcing as well.
1♣ – 2♣
Forcing for one round; 10 points or more with at least four clubs.
1♣ – 3♣
Weak; 9 points or less—sometimes much less—with at least five clubs.
1♥ – 2♥
Weak; 6-9 points with at least 3 hearts (unless Bergen raises are in use, in which case it shows precisely 3 hearts)
1♠ – 1NT;
2♣ – 2♠
Face animation online. Shows a weak hand, 6-9 points, with precisely two spades. Some also use this for an extremely weak hand (0-5) with three spades.
1♠ – 1NT;
2♣ – Pass
Shows a very weak hand, perhaps 5-7 points, with at least four clubs.
1♠ – 1NT;
2♣ – 2♦
Bill boss 1 1 4. Shows a weak hand, 5-9 points, with a long diamond suit.
1♠ – 1NT;
2♦ – 2♥
Shows a weak hand, 5-9 points, with a long heart suit.
1♠ – 1NT;
2♥ – 3♣
Shows a weak hand, 5-9 points, with a long club suit.
1♠ – 1NT;
2♣ – 2NT;
Plex player mac. Shows 10-11 points without support for spades.
1♠ – 1NT;
2♣ – 3♠
Shows 10-11 points with 3-card support for spades. Jump desktop 8 2 16 x.
1♠ – 3♠
Shows 10-11 points with at least 4-card support for spades.
1♠ – 1NT;
2♣ – 3♥
Shows 10-11 points with a long heart suit.
1♦ – 2♥
This is a jump response, and there are different ways of handling it. In Standard American, such a 'jump shift' shows a very strong hand and is unequivocally forcing. However, since such hands do not occur with great frequency, it is more common today to use such a bid to show a weak hand with a long suit, unsuitable for defense. Another possibility is to play it as a 'fit-showing jump', showing 8-10 points, a decent heart suit, and good diamond support.
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
This statement in not in the reference's page 1. The statement is misleading in that it implies that 1D P 1NT is forcing. The quoted Audrey-Rodwell reference makes clear that it is not forcing on page 65. The 1NT response to a minor opening bid shows a balanced hand and 6-10 HCP, and implies the inability to bid a four card or better major.
Bibliography[edit]
- Grant, Audrey; Rodwell, Eric (2009). 2/1 Game Force. Louisville, KY: Baron Barclay Bridge Supply. ISBN978-0-939460-84-7.
- Hardy, Max (2000). Standard Bridge Bidding for the 21st Century. SQueeZe Books. ISBN978-1-58776-049-5. LCCN00104457.
- Hardy, Max (2002). Advanced Bridge Bidding for the 21st Century. SQueeZe Books. ISBN978-1-58776-125-6. LCCN2002104136.
Introduction
The following description was rescued from John Hay's Rule Book, formerly at Geocities. An archive copy of the original page is also available at reocities.com. I have unfortunately lost touch with John Hay. If anyone knows how to contact him, or what became of his rule book, please let me know.
John Hay wrote: I put the rules in the form below from information provided by George Klemic and Andrew Lipscomb, to whom I owe a huge thank you.
/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/67347715/1269717763.jpg.0.jpg "Player")
1♠ – 1NT;
2♣ – 3♠
Shows 10-11 points with 3-card support for spades. Jump desktop 8 2 16 x.
1♠ – 3♠
Shows 10-11 points with at least 4-card support for spades.
1♠ – 1NT;
2♣ – 3♥
Shows 10-11 points with a long heart suit.
1♦ – 2♥
This is a jump response, and there are different ways of handling it. In Standard American, such a 'jump shift' shows a very strong hand and is unequivocally forcing. However, since such hands do not occur with great frequency, it is more common today to use such a bid to show a weak hand with a long suit, unsuitable for defense. Another possibility is to play it as a 'fit-showing jump', showing 8-10 points, a decent heart suit, and good diamond support.
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
This statement in not in the reference's page 1. The statement is misleading in that it implies that 1D P 1NT is forcing. The quoted Audrey-Rodwell reference makes clear that it is not forcing on page 65. The 1NT response to a minor opening bid shows a balanced hand and 6-10 HCP, and implies the inability to bid a four card or better major.
Bibliography[edit]
- Grant, Audrey; Rodwell, Eric (2009). 2/1 Game Force. Louisville, KY: Baron Barclay Bridge Supply. ISBN978-0-939460-84-7.
- Hardy, Max (2000). Standard Bridge Bidding for the 21st Century. SQueeZe Books. ISBN978-1-58776-049-5. LCCN00104457.
- Hardy, Max (2002). Advanced Bridge Bidding for the 21st Century. SQueeZe Books. ISBN978-1-58776-125-6. LCCN2002104136.
Introduction
The following description was rescued from John Hay's Rule Book, formerly at Geocities. An archive copy of the original page is also available at reocities.com. I have unfortunately lost touch with John Hay. If anyone knows how to contact him, or what became of his rule book, please let me know.
John Hay wrote: I put the rules in the form below from information provided by George Klemic and Andrew Lipscomb, to whom I owe a huge thank you.
Players, cards and deal
Number of Players: 2
Deck: Standard Pinochle deck of 48 cards consisting of 2 each of all cards 9 and above (including aces).
Deal: Each player is dealt 12 cards, the next card is turned up to determine trump for the hand and the remainder of the deck (the stock) is placed crosswise on this upturned card. Deal alternates between players.
Bidding: There is no bidding in this game.
The game is played in two phases, described separately below.
Play
Phase 1: As long as cards remain in the stock, thegame is in Phase 1. The non-dealer leads to the first trick, the dealerthen plays any card from their hand to the trick (not required tofollow suit or trump). The winner of the trick takes the top card ofthe stock and puts it in their hand, the loser of the trick then takesthe next card from the stock and places it in their hand. The winner ofthe trick is now allowed to meld if they wish. (See section on meldingbelow.) The winner of the trick then leads a card to the next trick(the card led can be in their hand or on the table as part of a meld).Play continues as above until their are no cards left in the stock.When the stock is down to one face down card and the remaining trumpcard, the winner of the trick may choose which card to take. Afterpicking up these last two cards the winner of that trick may still meld.
Phase 2: Once there are no cards left in the stock,the rules change. There is no longer any melding. Each player picks upany meld they have and place it in their hand. The winner of the lasttrick from Phase 1 leads to the next trick. The second player mustfollow suit if able. If not, they must trump if possible. The secondplayer must win the trick if they are able to. The winner of the trickleads to the next trick. Play continues in this manner until all cardshave been played.
Melding
In Phase 1, when a player wins a trick theymay place any meld they have face up in front of them and receivepoints for it. The various combinations that may be melded and thepoints they receive are listed below. When a player melds, it iswritten down on the scoresheet immediately.
Run - A 10 K Q J in trumps - 150 points
Marriage - K Q in same suit - 20 points
Cheatsheet 1 3 2 Player Games Nitrome
Royal Marriage - K Q in trumps - 40 points
Aces around - A in each suit - 100 points
Kings around - K in each suit - 80 points
Queens around - Q in each suit - 60 points
Jacks around - J in each suit - 40 points
Pinochle - J of Diamonds and Q of Spades, - 40 points
Double Pinochle - 2 pinochles - 300 points (Note: A Double Pinochle isthe only meld which gives a bonus for having more than one, all othermelds simply count twice. e.g. Double aces around count 200 points.)
9 of Trumps (Dix) - 10 points https://marcdetuwel1985.wixsite.com/cycledownload/post/how-to-edit-pdf-file-in-preview-mac.
Special rule concerning Dix: The first Dix to be melded is done so byexchanging it for the face-up trump card at the bottom of the stock(even if it is the other Dix). The card taken from the bottom may beused immediately in meld if desired.
Special notes concerning melding:
A player mayuse a card in more than one meld provided it is used to make adifferent type of meld. (e.g. https://subpaphope1972.wixsite.com/policefree/post/cd-18-90. A player melds a marriage in spades. Ifboth cards are still on the table on a later turn, the player may addthe other 3 kings for kings around, the other 3 queens for queensaround, or the Jack of Diamonds for a Pinochle. https://roomsoft.mystrikingly.com/blog/yamaha-fj1200-86-manual. They may not addanother single King of Spades for a second marriage.)
If aplayer has melded a Royal Marriage and they later add the A, 10, and Jor trumps for a run, they only score an additional 110 points insteadof 150.
If a player has melded a Pinochle and they later addanother Pinocle for a Double Pinochle (while the original Pinochle isstill down), they only score an additional 260 points instead of 300.(If the first Pinochle had already been broken up, they would onlyscore 40 points for the second one.)
Scoring
In addition to any meld a player scoredduring the hand they also receive 11 points for each ace, 10 points foreach ten, 4 points for each king, 3 points for each queen, and 2 pointsfor each jack they captured in play. The player who captures the lasttrick also gets ten points. (Total of 250 points to be taken in play.)The first player to get a total of 1200 points wins the game.
Variations
Game may be played to 1500 or 1000 points instead of 1200.
An optional scoring method for cards taken in play is to count each Aceand ten 10 points, and count each king and queen 5 points.
Another scoring method is to simply count each ace, ten, and king 10points. If this scoring method is used, then all scores in the gamewill end in a zero. Since this is the case, the zeroes can be droppedoff the end of the score, effectively dividing all possible scores by10.
In phase 2 the second player is only required to take the trick if possible if trumps were led.
Any of the 'Special notes concerning melding' could be ignored, exceptfor the rule that a player can use a card that has already been meldedin additional meld.
'Mouse' has contributed rules for an interesting variant played by his family which features larger hands, more melds, and 'glups' which are scored for losing several consecutive tricks by following suit.
Software
A shareware 2-player Pinochle program which supports network and offline play is available from Meggiesoft Games.
Another shareware 2-player Pinochle program for Windows is available from Card Games Galore.
Cheatsheet 1 3 2 Player Games Y8
The collection HOYLE Card Games for Windows or Mac OS X includes a Two-Player Pinochle program, along with many other popular card games.
